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Shahdad standard is a Meluhha (mleccha) metalware catalog describing the repertoire of a smithy in Shahdad, Marhashi:
pajhaṛ ‘kite’. Rebus: pasra ‘smithy’ (Santali)
Three pots are shown of three sizes in the context of kneeling adorants seated in front of the person seated on a stool. meṇḍā 'kneeling position' (Gondi) Rebus: meḍ 'iron' (Munda)
kōla = woman (Nahali) Rebus: kol ‘furnace, forge’ (Kuwi) kol ‘alloy of five metals, pañcaloha’ (Tamil) kol ‘working in iron’ (Tamil)
kaṇḍō a stool. Malt. Kanḍo stool, seat. (DEDR 1179) Rebus: kaṇḍ = a furnace, altar (Santali)
If the date palm denotes tamar (Hebrew language), ‘palm tree, date palm’ the rebus reading would be: tam(b)ra, ‘copper’ (Pkt.)
kaṇḍ kan-ka 'rim of jar' (Santali). kanka ‘rim (of jar, kaṇḍ)’ (Santali) kárṇa— m. ‘ear, handle of a vessel’ RV., ‘end, tip (?)’ RV. ii 34, 3. [Cf. *kāra—6] Pa. kaṇṇa— m. ‘ear, angle, tip’ (CDIAL 2830). Rebus: 'scribe'. Pk. kaṁḍa -- m. ʻ piece, fragment ʼ; -- Deriv. Pk. kaṁḍārēi ʻ scrapes, engraves ʼ;M. kãḍārṇẽ, karã̄ḍṇẽ ʻ to gnaw ʼ, kãḍārṇẽ n. ʻ jeweller's hammer, barber's nail -- parer ʼ. (CDIAL 2683) कंडारणें [ kaṇḍāraṇēṃ ] n An instrument of goldsmiths,--the iron spike which is hammered upon plates in reducing them to shape (Marathi) khanaka m. one who digs , digger , excavator MBh. iii , 640 R. ; a miner L. ; a house-breaker , thief L. ; a rat L. ; N. of a friend of Vidura MBh. i , 5798 f. ; (%{I}) f. a female digger or excavator Pāṇ. 3-1 , 145 Pat. ; iv , 1 , 41 Ka1s3.
kaṇḍ 'jar' (Santali) Rebus: kāḍ ‘stone’. Ga. (Oll.) kanḍ, (S.) kanḍu (pl. kanḍkil) stone (DEDR 1298). mayponḍi kanḍ whetstone; (Ga.)(DEDR 4628). (खडा) Pebbles or small stones: also stones broken up (as for a road), metal. खडा [ khaḍā ] m A small stone, a pebble. Rebus: kaṇḍ = a furnace, altar (Santali)
kul ‘tiger’ (Santali); kōlu id. (Te.) kōlupuli = Bengal tiger (Te.)Pk. Kolhuya -- , kulha — m. ʻ jackal ʼ < *kōḍhu -- ; H.kolhā, °lā m. ʻ jackal ʼ, adj. ʻ crafty ʼ; G. kohlũ, °lũ n. ʻ jackal ʼ, M. kolhā, °lā m. krōṣṭŕ̊ ʻ crying ʼ BhP., m. ʻ jackal ʼ RV. = krṓṣṭu — m. Pāṇ. [√kruś] Pa. koṭṭhu -- , °uka — and kotthu -- , °uka — m. ʻ jackal ʼ, Pk. Koṭṭhu — m.; Si. Koṭa ʻ jackal ʼ, koṭiya ʻ leopard ʼ GS 42 (CDIAL 3615). कोल्हा [ kōlhā ] कोल्हें [ kōlhēṃ ] A jackal (Marathi) Rebus: kol ‘furnace, forge’ (Kuwi) kol ‘alloy of five metals, pañcaloha’ (Ta.)
adar ḍangra ‘zebu or humped bull’; ḍangar ‘bull’ Rebus: adar ḍhangar 'native metal-smith'.
Rebus: ḍangar ‘blacksmith’; aduru native metal (Kannada). Tu. ajirda karba very hard iron (DEDR 192). aduru =gaṇiyinda tegadu karagade iruva aduru = ore taken from the mine and not subjected to melting in a furnace (Ka. Siddhānti Subrahmaṇya śastri’s New interpretation of the Amarakośa, Bangalore, Vicaradarpana Press, 1872, p. 330) aduru ‘native metal’ (Kannada); ḍhangar ‘blacksmith’ (Hindi)
kuṭi ‘tree’. Rebus: kuṭhi ‘smelter’ (Santali). The two trees are shown ligatured to a rectangle with ten square divisions and a dot in each square. The dot may denote an ingot in a furnace mould.
Glyph of rectangle with divisions: baṭai = to divide, share (Santali) [Note the glyphs of nine rectangles divided.] Rebus: bhaṭa = an oven, kiln, furnace (Santali)
ḍāḷ= a branch of a tree (G.) Rebus: ḍhāḷako = a large ingot (G.) ḍhāḷakī = a metal heated and poured into a mould; a solid piece of metal; an ingot (G.)
Three sets of entwined 'glyphs (like twisted ropes) are shown around the entire narrative of the Shahdad standard.
měď (copper)(Czech) mіdʹ (copper, cuprum, orichalc)(Ukrainian) medʹ (copper, cuprum, Cu), mednyy (copper, cupreous, brassy, brazen, brass), omednyatʹ (copper, coppering), sulʹfatmedi (Copper), politseyskiy (policeman, constable, peeler, policemen, redcap), pokryvatʹ medʹyu (copper), payalʹnik (soldering iron, copper, soldering pen, soldering-iron), mednyy kotel (copper), medno-krasnyy (copper), mednaya moneta (copper). медь (copper, cuprum, Cu), медный (copper, cupreous, brassy, brazen, brass), омеднять (copper, coppering), Сульфатмеди (Copper), полицейский (policeman, constable, peeler, policemen, redcap), покрывать медью (copper), паяльник (soldering iron, copper, soldering pen, soldering-iron), медный котел (copper), медно-красный (copper), медная монета (copper).(Russian)
Mohenjo-daro seal m297a: Harappa h1018a: copper plate The hieroglyphs are explained as fortified enclosures of mleccha smithy guild workshops. veṛhā 'octopus, said to be found in the Indus' (Jaṭki lexicon of A. Jukes, 1900) Rebus: beṛɔ m. ʻpalaceʼ, beṛā m. id. beṛā ʻbuilding with a courtyardʼ (Western Pahari) vāṛo m. ʻ cattle enclosure ʼ (Sindhi) மேடை mēṭai, n. [T. mēḍa.] 1. Platform, raised floor; தளமுயர்ந்த இடப்பகுதி. 2. Artificial mound; செய்குன்று. (W.)Allographs:
meḍ ‘body ‘ (Munda)
mēḍha मेढ 'polar star' (Marathi) mēṭaṉ, n. < மேடம்¹. The planet Mars, as the lord of the sign Aries; [மேஷ ராசிக்கு உடையவன்] செவ்வாய் (நாமதீப. 98.)
मेटींव [ mēṭīṃva ] p of मेटणें A verb not in use. Roughly hewn or chiseled--a stone. (Marathi)
meḍh ‘helper of merchant’ (Pkt.) meṛha, meḍhi ‘merchant’s clerk; (Gujarati) मेढ ‘merchant’s helper’ (Pkt.); m. an elephant-keeper Gal. (cf. मेठ)
மேதி¹ mēti, n. perh. mēdas. 1. Buffalo; எருமை. மேதி யன்ன கல்பிறங் கியவின் (மலைபடு. 111)meḷh ‘goat’ (Br.) mẽḍha ‘antelope’ meḍho a ram, a sheep (Gujarati)(CDIAL 10120)
Glyph ‘mountain’: మెట్ట [ meṭṭa ] or మిట్ట meṭṭa. [Tel.] n. Rising ground, high lying land, uplands. A hill, a rock. ఉన్నతభూమి, మెరక, పర్వతము
Glyph ‘fig, ficus racemosa’: మేడి [ mēḍi ] mēḍi. [Tel.] అత్తి, ఉదుంబరము. మేడిపం
Glyph ‘curved end of stick’: मेंढा [ mēṇḍhā ] m A crook or curved end (of a stick, horn &c.) and attrib. such a stick, horn, bullock.
mēṭu, mēṭa, mēṭi stack of hay; (Inscr.) (Telugu)
meḍ ‘dance’ (Santali) మెట్ట [ meṭṭa ] or మిట్ట meṭṭa. மெட்டு¹-தல்
meḍ ‘dance’ (Santali)
Glyph ‘kneeling (adorant)’: మండి [ maṇḍi ] or మండీ manḍi. [Tel.] n. Kneeling down with one leg, an attitude in archery, ఒక కాలితో నేలమీద మో
Glyph ‘oblation, offering’: mḗdha m. ʻ sacrificial oblation ʼ RV. Pa. mēdha -- m. ʻ sacrifice ʼ; Si. mehe, mē sb. ʻ eating ʼ ES 69.(CDIAL 10327).
meṛha, mehra ʻ a circular construction, mound ʼ(Old Assamese)
meṛā m. (Bihari) meṇḍa -m. ʻ ram ʼ (Pali) miṇḍāˊl ʻ markhor ʼ (Tōrwālī) Glyph ‘crookedness of horns’: Meṇḍa [dial., cp. Prk. měṇṭha & miṇṭha: Pischel, Prk. Gr. § 293. The Dhtm (156) gives a root meṇḍ (meḍ) in meaning of "koṭilla," i. e. crookedness. (Pali) M. mẽḍhā m. ʻ crook or curved end (of a horn, stick, &c.) ʼ. Glyph: ‘ram with curling horns’: H. mẽṛā, mẽḍā m. ʻ ram with curling horns ʼ, °ḍī f. ʻ she -- goat do. ʼ (CDIAL 10120) Bi. mẽṛhwā ʻ a bullock with curved horns like a ram's ʼ; M. mẽḍhrū̃ n. ʻ sheep ʼ.(CDIAL 10311).beṭhan m. ʻpack -- cloth(Hindi)
veṭh, vẽṭh, veṭ, vẽṭ m.f. ʻrol
Glyph ‘spear’: మేడెము [ mēḍemu ] or మేడియము mēḍemu. [Tel.] n. A spear or dagger. ఈటె, బాకు. The rim of a bell-shaped earring, set with ems.రాళ్లుచెక్కినమికీ అంచుయొ
meḍ ‘body’ (Munda)
veḍh n.f. ʻringʼ, m. ʻcircumferenceʼ(Marathi)
mēḍhi -- m. ʻ post on threshing floor (Prakrit) meḍhā m. ʻ
mẽhi bāṭi ʻ vessel with a projecting base ʼ(Maithili) meṭṭa ‘projecting’ (Telugu)
Some glosses of Indian sprachbund:
vēṣṭá m. ʻband, nooseʼ Kauś., ʻenclosureʼ lex.
vēṣṭana n. ʻenclosing ʼ Gr̥Śr.
vēṣṭáyati ʻwraps up, encloses, surround ʼ TBr. [vḗṣṭatē ʻclin
Pk. veṭṭhida -- ʻwrapped upʼ; Dm. byēṣṭ -- ʻto twistʼ, Phal. bēṣṭūˊm 1 sg., Sh.koh. bĕṭhōnṷ, K. wuṭhun: M. veṭhṇẽ ʻ to tie ʼ; -- Pa. vēṭhēti ʻwraps, surrounds, twistsʼ; Pk. veḍhēi, °ḍhaï ʻwraps upʼ, Kho. beḷik; K. wurun ʻto wrap oneself up in bedclothes, coverʼ; S. veṛhaṇu ʻto twistʼ; L. veṛhaṇ ʻto wind, bandage, bind, surroundʼ; Ku. beṛṇo ʻto fence in, encloseʼ; N. bernu ʻto roll, fold upʼ; A. beriba ʻto surround (with fence or wall)ʼ, B. beṛā, Or. beṛhibā, Mth. beṛhab; H. beṛhnā ʻto enclose, surroundʼ; M. veḍhṇẽ ʻto twist, surroundʼ; Si. veḷanavā ʻto twist, entwine, (SigGr ii 464) wrapʼ. -- X bandhati: Pk. veṁḍhia -- ʻwrapped upʼ); H. bẽḍhnā, bẽdhnā (see also váyati) ʻto plait, braid, fold ʼ. Md. oḷanī ʻrolls up, windsʼ. (CDIAL 12132). Ta. mētaravar, mētavar a class of people who do bamboo work. Ka. mēda, mēdā̆ra, mādara man who plaits baskets, mats, etc. of bamboo splits, man of thebasket-maker caste. Koḍ. me·dë man of caste who make baskets and leaf-umbrellas and play drums at ceremonies; fem. me·di. Te. mēdara, mēdari the basket-maker caste, a basket-maker; of or pertaining to the basket-maker caste. Kuwi (S.) mētri, (Isr.) mētreˀesi matmaker. / Cf. Skt. meda- a particular mixed caste; Turner, CDIAL, no. 10320. (DEDR 5092). mēda m. ʻ a mixed caste, any one living by a degrading occupation ʼ Mn. [→ Bal. mēd ʻ boatman, fisher- man ʼ. -- Cf. Tam. metavar ʻ basket -- maker ʼ &c. DED 4178] Pk. mēa -- m., mēī -- f. ʻ member of a non -- Aryan tribe ʼ; S. meu m. ʻ fisherman ʼ (
Pk. veṭṭhida -- ʻwrapped upʼ; Dm. byēṣṭ -- ʻto twistʼ, Phal. bēṣṭūˊm 1 sg., Sh.koh. bĕṭhōnṷ, K. wuṭhun: M. veṭhṇẽ ʻ to tie ʼ; -- Pa. vēṭhēti ʻwraps, surrounds, twistsʼ; Pk. veḍhēi, °ḍhaï ʻwraps upʼ, Kho. beḷik; K. wurun ʻto wrap oneself up in bedclothes, coverʼ; S. veṛhaṇu ʻto twistʼ; L. veṛhaṇ ʻto wind, bandage, bind, surroundʼ; Ku. beṛṇo ʻto fence in, encloseʼ; N. bernu ʻto roll, fold upʼ; A. beriba ʻto surround (with fence or wall)ʼ, B. beṛā, Or. beṛhibā, Mth. beṛhab; H. beṛhnā ʻto enclose, surroundʼ; M. veḍhṇẽ ʻto twist, surroundʼ; Si. veḷanavā ʻto twist, entwine, (SigGr ii 464) wrapʼ. -- X bandhati: Pk. veṁḍhia -- ʻwrapped upʼ); H. bẽḍhnā, bẽdhnā (see also váyati) ʻto plait, braid, fold ʼ. Md. oḷanī ʻrolls up, windsʼ. (CDIAL 12132). Ta. mētaravar, mētavar a class of people who do bamboo work. Ka. mēda, mēdā̆ra, mādara man who plaits baskets, mats, etc. of bamboo splits, man of thebasket-maker caste. Koḍ. me·dë man of caste who make baskets and leaf-umbrellas and play drums at ceremonies; fem. me·di. Te. mēdara, mēdari the basket-maker caste, a basket-maker; of or pertaining to the basket-maker caste. Kuwi (S.) mētri, (Isr.) mētreˀesi matmaker. / Cf. Skt. meda- a particular mixed caste; Turner, CDIAL, no. 10320. (DEDR 5092). mēda m. ʻ a mixed caste, any one living by a degrading occupation ʼ Mn. [→ Bal. mēd ʻ boatman, fisher- man ʼ. -- Cf. Tam. metavar ʻ basket -- maker ʼ &c. DED 4178] Pk. mēa -- m., mēī -- f. ʻ member of a non -- Aryan tribe ʼ; S. meu m. ʻ fisherman ʼ (
mēthí m. ʻ pillar in threshing floor to which oxen are fastened, prop for supporting carriage shafts ʼ AV., °thī -- f. KātyŚr.com., mēdhī -- f. Divyāv. 2. mēṭhī -- f. PañcavBr.com., mēḍhī -- , mēṭī -- f. BhP. 1. Pa. mēdhi -- f. ʻ post to tie cattle to, pillar, part of a stūpa ʼ; Pk. mēhi -- m. ʻ post on threshing floor ʼ, N. meh(e), miho, miyo, B. mei, Or. maï -- dāṇḍi, Bi. mẽh, mẽhā ʻ the post ʼ, (SMunger) mehā ʻ the bullock next the post ʼ, Mth. meh, mehā ʻ the post ʼ, (SBhagalpur) mīhã̄ ʻ the bullock next the post ʼ, (SETirhut) mẽhi bāṭi ʻ vessel with a projecting base ʼ. 2. Pk. mēḍhi -- m. ʻpost on threshing floor ʼ, mēḍhaka<-> ʻ small stick ʼ; K. mīr, mīrü f. ʻ larger hole in ground which serves as a mark in pitching walnuts ʼ (for semantic relation of ʻ post -- hole ʼ see kūpa -- 2); L. meṛh f. ʻ rope tying oxen to each other and to post on threshing floor ʼ; P. mehṛ f., mehaṛ m. ʻ oxen on threshing floor, crowd ʼ; OA meṛha, mehra ʻ a circular construction, mound ʼ; Or. meṛhī, meri ʻ post on threshing floor ʼ; Bi. mẽṛ ʻ raised bank between irrigated beds ʼ, (Camparam) mẽṛhā ʻ bullock next the post ʼ, Mth. (SETirhut) mẽṛhā ʻ id. ʼ; M. meḍ(h), meḍhī f., meḍhā m.
मेढेदाई or मेढेदाईक [ mēḍhēdāī or mēḍhēdāīka ] c (मेढा & दाय) The owner of the hedge or fence dividing his enclosure from that of his neighbor. मेंड [ mēṇḍa ] m ( H) Edge, margin, or border of a field, esp. as raised: also a ridge or raised edge more generally. (Marathi) Ta. meṭṭu mound, heap of earth; mēṭu height, eminence, hillock; muṭṭu rising ground, high ground, heap. Ma. mēṭu rising ground, hillock; māṭu hillock, raised ground; miṭṭāl rising ground, an alluvial bank; (Tiyya) maṭṭa hill. Ka. mēḍu h
मेंढका or क्या [ mēṇḍhakā or kyā ] a (मेंढा) A shepherd. मेंढा [ mēṇḍhā ] m (मेष S through H) A male sheep, a ram or tup. (Marathi) *mēṇḍharūpa ʻ like a ram ʼ. [mēṇḍha -- 2, rūpá -- ] Bi. mẽṛhwā ʻ a bullock with curved horns like a ram's ʼ; M. mẽḍhrū̃ n. ʻ sheep ʼ.(CDIAL 10311). mēṇḍha2 m. ʻ ram ʼ, °
2. Pk. meṁṭhī -- f. ʻ sheep ʼ; H. meṭhā m. ʻ ram ʼ. 3. H. mejhukā m. ʻ ram ʼ. (CDIAL 10310).
2. Pk. meṁṭhī -- f. ʻ sheep ʼ; H. meṭhā m. ʻ ram ʼ. 3. H. mejhukā m. ʻ ram ʼ. (CDIAL 10310).
بټ baṯṯ, s.m. (2nd) A large iron pan or cauldron for roasting grain, a furnace, a kiln. 2. Luck, prosperity, felicity. 3. The bark of a tree, bark, rind, peel, husk (s वट or वड, wrap round or entwine). Pl. بټونه baṯṯūnah. See پټ ,پستکي, and پجه
(Pushto)*vārtra ʻ pertaining to a fence ʼ. [vártra -- ] Wg. wātr ʻ wooden fence ʼ; Kt. wōtr ʻ hurdle ʼ; <-> early EMIA. vāṭa -- 1 q.v. *vārtrānta -- . [Attested (instead of *vārta -- posited by T. Burrow BSOAS xxxviii 68) by Wg. Kt.] Garh. bāṛ ʻfencing ʼ.(CDIAL 11565). kar-waṭiñ कर्-वटिञ् । वप्रादिक्षेप्यपङ्केष्टिकादिः f
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